Code splitting
Breaking the JavaScript bundle into smaller chunks loaded on demand — pays the cost of a feature only when it's used.
In long form.
Without code splitting, every user downloads the JavaScript for every page on the site, including features they may never use. Code splitting breaks the bundle by route (the homepage doesn't need the admin dashboard's code) and by component (a heavy chart library only loads when the chart is rendered). React's lazy() + Suspense, Next.js dynamic imports, and the framework's automatic route-based splitting all play this game. Trade-off: more chunks mean more network requests, so over-splitting hurts too.
Most modern frameworks split by route automatically. The next-level optimization is splitting heavy in-page features — a video player, a code editor, a charting library — so they load only when scrolled into view or activated.
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